Oil-fed furnace.



A. H. LIGHT,

OIL FED FURNACE.

APPLICATION FILED MAE.29, 1910.

Patented Apr. 23, 1912.

4 SHEBTS-SHEET 1.

m W W A. H. LIGHT.

OIL FED FURNACE.

APPLICATION TILED MAR.29, 1910.

A. H. LIGHT.

OIL FED FURNACE. {APPLICATION FILED MAR. 29, 1910.

Patented Apr. 23, 1912.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

, l w tmeoam I M M W A. H. LIGHT. OIL FED FURNACE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.29, 1910.

1,024,347., Patented Apr. 23, 1912.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

' tains to make and use the same.

ARTHUR H. LIGHT, 0F LOS ANGELESQGALIFORNIA.

OIL-FED FURNACE.

Application filed March 29, 1910. Serial No. 552,151.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ARTHUi: H. LIGHT, a citizen of the United States,residing at Los Angeles, in the county of Los Angeles and State ofCalifornia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Oil-FedFurnaces; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, andexact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilledin the art to which it apper- This invention relates to oil fed furnacesand has for its object to produce a more uniform and more complete aswell as a more economical combustion in said furnaces than has beenheretofore possible.

With these and other ends in view the invention consists in the noveldetails of construction and combinations of parts more fullyhereinafter'discl'osed and particularly pointed out in the claims.

Referring to the accompanying drawings forming a part of thisspecification in which like numerals refer to like parts in all the.views :-Figure 1, is an end elevational view, partly in section, of acylindrical furnace with my invention applied thereto; Fig. 2, is alongitudinal sectional view of the parts shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 3, is asectional elevational view of a portion of the parts shown in Fig. 1;Fig. 4, is a sectional View taken on the line 4-4 of Fig. 3; Fig. 5,is-an elevational view of the parts shown in Fig. 3, taken on line 55 ofsaid figure; Fig. 6, is a detail elevational view of one of the dampersemployed in my furnace; Fig. 7, is a detail of one of the refractorybricks or tiles employed in the furnace; Fig. 8, is a diagrammaticdetail view of a modified form of piping especially adapted tolocomotive and other furnaces; Fig. 9,.is a detail sectional View of themixing chamber which may be used in connection with the pipe shown inFig. 8; Fig. 10, is an enlarged detail sectional view of one of theT-joints used in the said pipe; Fig. 11, is asimilar view of one of theelbow joints shown in said pipe; and Fig. 12, is a sectional 'view& ofthe burner tip, which has been found useful in connection with this typeof furnace.

1 represents the boiler shell, 2 the furnace proper, 3 a ring ofrefractory material such as tile or fire brick tapered outwardly as at4, and 5 a similar ring tapered as at. 6.

ring of refractory inwardly projecting por- 7 represents a frontmaterial with the Specification of Letters Patent.

which is preferably annular Patented Apr. 23, 1912.

tion 8 leaving an enlarged aperture 9. This portion 8 may beconveniently formed of tile or brick of the shape shown in Fig. 7 andprovided with notches or passages 33 which abut against the innersurface of the ring 7, substantially as illustrated in Fig. 7.

In the aperture 9 and at a considerable distance forward of the frontwall 11 is the burner shield 10, provided with the inner cone-likeportion 12 fitting the front plate 13 of the furnace, as shown.

Located inside the cone 12 and supporting the same is the hollow burnerproper 14 in shape and fitting the inside of the same ring 15, as shown.The burner 14 is pro vided with the ports 25 and a web 16 having thenotches 17 through which lugs 18 on the ring 15 pass and I thereby forman interlocking engagement between the parts which enables the same tobe readily assembled and disassembled, as will be understood.

From the structure so far disclosed, it is evident that the hollow ringshaped burner 14 may be located well forward of the front wall 11 of thefurnace and thereby shielded from the heat of the same. It furtherresults from this location of the burner proper that the fuel ,is not soreadily carbonized upon the inner surface of said burner and, therefore,does not clog the ports 25. In addition to this, the cone 12 there is apassage 20 which terminates at the inner surface of the burner tips andthrough which air freely circulates to further aid in keeping the partscool. This action is also greatly promoted by the passage of air throughthe cone 12 and the ring 15,.on the other side of the said burner tips,so that the latter are constantly sub jected to cold air.

. The disposition of the parts described enables me, in addition to theadvantage of being able to locate the burner tips well forward. of thewall 11 of the furnace and constantly bathe the same in cold air as juststated, to also has been heretofore customary and, therefore, a wider'distribution and separation of .carbon fuel in the furnace. Thisresults in lessening the noise.

The large size 'of the ring 14 also enables to be supplied-to the centerofthe cone shaped flame toinsure pera large ring 15 to be employed and,therefore, an opening through the latter sufficiently large to ad- .mitsufiicient air is the tapered between the shield 10 and provide a largerring 14 than feet combustion therein. In addition to this, the largeopening in the r1ng 15 permits an inspection of the fire by theattendant at all times and also enables him to start the fire merely bythe insertion of a torch when necessary.

In order that the combustion of the oil fuel should be perfect insidethe furnace, it

is not only necessary to supply sufiicient air at the proper portions ofthe flame, but also that the steam and oil shall be in such a state of.fine division that it borders closely on to that of vaporization. In thepresent instance in order to supply sufficient .air to the differentportions of the cone-shaped flame 26, I provide the dampers 27controlling the ports 28 by means of the rods 29, and preferably locatesaid dampers around the furnace at say 120 apart, as illustrated inFig. 1. An annular space 30 is provided around the rings 6 and 7 throughwhich cold air passes into the passage 31 between the rings 3 and 6 andreaches the cone-shaped flame over the inclined surface 4, as shown bythe arrows. From the space 30 the cold air also passes into the space 32behind the front plate 13 of the furnace and from there it enters thepassages 33 and is deflected by the inclined surface 6 into the cone offlame.

A portion of the air in the space 32 passes down in front of theextension 8 and enters the annular passage 34 between the wall of theorifice 9 and the outer wall of the shield bordering on that ofvaporization. That is or shell 10, as indicated, and enters the conejust in front of said shell or shield. The air in the passage 32 justdescribed also joins with additional portions of air which enter throughthe orifices 35 in the front shell or wall 13 of the furnace andtogether with said portions passes through the pas: sage 20 between theshell or shield 10 and the cone 12 and enters the cone-shaped flameimmediately in front of the burner tips, as above stated. Thecone-shaped flame 26 being larger than usual it necessarily has a largerspace 37 through its center and into this space air freely entersthrough the cone,

bon fuel in a uniform state of fine division 'to say, I have found thatwhen oil and .steam are mixed together unless they are thoroughly mixedand most finely divided as byrotary or cyclonic action that there willexist particles of oil not sufliciently finely divided to permit ofperfect combustion. Further if the mixed oil and steam is passed throughordinary T connections or elbows in the system of piping the oil isliable to become separated from the steam even though it be previouslysufiiciently finely divided and to thereupon condense, so to speak, intoparticles which are too large to permit the best results being attained.To avoid these difficulties and to insure that the oil delivered intothe coneshaped flame 26 shall be in a uniform state of fine division andin just the right proportions to become oxidized by. the air enteringthrough the passages above described, I provide in the pipe deliveringthe oil or fuel what I call a centrifugal T connection, best shown inFig. 10. This T connection keeps the oil and steam thoroughlyincorporated and finely divided without permitting any chance for theoil to leave the steam, as will now be more fully disclosed. In order toillustrate the action of this T connection, it will first be describedin connection with a centrifugal mixer shown in Figs. 3 and 4 and whichmay be used either. simply as a T connection or as a centrifugal mixeras desired. That is to say, when only one burner such as 14 is to beused I prefer to provide what I term a combined T connection andcentrifugal mixer consisting of a pipe 40 delivering steam tan- Igentially into a circular chamber 41 as illustrated, and a pipe 42delivering oil into said chamber 41 through a nozzle 43 tangentiallyarranged, as indicated. A valve 44 may be employed to control thedelivery of oil and a valve 45, Fig. 1, may be employed to control thedelivery of steam.

The chamber 41.is best illustrated in Fig. 4 and is transverselyrestricted as at 46 and is provided with delivery ports 47 and 48 whichare of the same area as said restricted space 46. The pipes 49 and 50leading from the ports 47 and 48, respectively, connect with the hollowring shaped burner 14, and therefore, deliver oil and steam to saidburner, as will be readily understood.

The restricted passage 46 being located near the center of the chamber41, the oil and steam will circulate around the said chamber 41 aplurality of times and at a very high velocity before it is'finallyforced out of the ports 47 and 48 into the burner, and therefore, theatomized oil and steam will be brought into such close association atthe points mentioned that an absolute uniformity in the per cent. of oilthat flows through the pipes 49 and 50 will be assured.

In the construction just described it is possible to locate thechamber41 so close to the furnace that elbows and Ts are not necessaryand, therefore, little danger exists of the oil'separating from thesteam before it is delivered from the burner tips or ports 25. In someconstructions, however, such for example, as in locomotive furnaces theburner. tips have to bev distributed over a large surface and,therefore, it is essential to pipe the oil and steam relatively somedistance before the burner tip is reached. This piping also frequentlynecessitates the use of both elbows and TS and consequently it is verydesirable to provide against any separation of the oil and steam.In-order to accomplish this, I may in such cases, either employ theconstruction shown in Figs. 3 and 4 in which the valve 44 would beclosed and in which the oil and steam would be delivered into thechamber 41 through the pipe 40 and out of the said chamber 41 throughthe pipes 49 and 50 or I may employ the construction shown in Fig. 8 inwhich the oil and steam would be delivered tangentially from the pipes60 into the centrifugal T 61 as best illustrated in Fig. 10, and wouldbe delivered from said T 61 tangentially through the pipes 62 and 63into the centrifugal valve controlled elbows 64, as best illustrated inFig. 11. From the elbows 64 the oil and steam pass into the pipes 65connected to furnace tips of any suitable construction.

. The tips in the case of the locomotive furnace such as isdiagrammatically illustrated in Fig. 8 may be cal type, such as shown inFig. 12, but this is not essential. In such case, the tips would behollow as illustrated, and provided with angularly arranged passages 67and 68 leading from spherical chambers 69 and 70 provided with theopenings 71 and 72 converging to the point 73 located upon the axis ofthe pipe 65, as shown. As above stated, however, any other suitable formof tip may be employed.

When oil and condition are to be piped relatively a considerabledistance, as illustrated in Fig. 8, it is desirable to provide themixing chamber 7 5 with the auxiliary chambers 7 6.and 77, asillustrated. That is to say, the oil may enter through the tangentiallyarranged nozzle 78 and the steam through the tangentially arrangednozzle 7 9, whereupon the mixed oil and steam will circulate a pluralityof times around the chamber 75 and find its way into the chambers 76 and77 and after slightly expanding therein finally find its way into thesaid pipes 60 from which it is delivered into the centrifugal Ts 61, asabove described.

The advantageof the additional chambers 76 and 77 may be found in thefact that they would form a sort of expansion joint in case the pipingshould be extensive and they further aid in thoroughly incorporat ingthe oil and steam into a very finely divided mixture.

These said chambers, howconveniently of the spheri steam in a finelydivided ever, are not essential and in many cases may be omitted.

It will be observed that although the form of T joint shown in Figs. 8and 10 is somewhat. dilferentfrom the combined T and centrifugal mixershown in Fig. 3 the latter can be substituted for the former, whendesired. And, it should also be observed, that although the burner tipshown in Fig. 12 has adifferent construction from that shown in Figs. 2and 5 yet the latter may be freely substituted for the former whereverit may be desired. It should also be further observed, that althoughFig. 8 shows a system of piping especially adapted for a locomotivefurnace, yet, when a series of furnaces of the type illustrated in Fig.2 are to be employed a systemof piping involving the same principles asthat shown in Fig. 8, might be desirable. In such cases the combinedcentrifugal mixer and T shown .in Figs. 1 and 2 may conveniently. admitsteam and oil through the pipe 40 to said T to supply one furnacethrough the pipes 49 and 50, while conveying a supply of mixed oil andsteam out of the chamber 41 through the pipe 42 to another boiler, aswill be readily understood.

It will be observed that in all cases, whether a single burner is fed orWhether a plurality of burners are fed from a single mixing chamber,mydnvention insures a means of supplying oil and steam to the burnertips in a uniform finely divided condition closely bordering upon thatof vaporization and that. therefore, if a uniform supply of air isdelivered to the resulting flame at the proper points a uniform and mosteconomical combustion will ensue. It will be further observed that bydeflecting air into the outer portions of the flame, as disclosed, andalso by forcing air into the center of the flame, as disclosed, thatthis uniform combustion is insured so long as the fuel is of the uniformquality above described.

It is obvious that those skilled in'the artmay vary the arrangement ofparts and the details of construction without departing from the spiritof my invention, and, therefore I do not wish to be limited to suchfeatures, except as may be required by the claims.

What I claim is l 1. In an oil fed furnace the combination of aplurality of refractory rings provided with inclined walls and with airpassages leading to said walls; an additional front ring; a burnerlocated in the aperture of said ring in front of its inner wall wherebyit is shielded from the heat by the same; a shield surrounding saidburner leaving an air passage between-the wall of said aperture and saidshield; and means for regulating the air flowing to all of saidpassages, substantially as described.

2. In an oil fed furnace, the combination of a refractory lining; aburner adapted to deliver a cone-shaped flame againstsaid lining;passages for delivering a constant supply of air at a plurality ofpoints to the exterior of said cone shaped flame and also to theinterior of said flame; and means for supplying a uniform mixture of oiland steam to said burner, substantially as described.

3. In an oil fed furnace the combination of a refractory lining; aburner adapted to deliver a cone-shaped flame against said lining;passages for delivering a constant supply of air at a plurality ofpoints to the exterior of said coneshaped flame and also to the interiorof said flame; and means for supplying a uniform mixture of oil andsteam to said burner, comprising a centrifugal mixing chamber adapted tocontain oil in which said steam enters tangentially, substantially asdescribed.

4. In an oil fed furnace, the combination of a refractory liningprovided with air passages; a burner adapted to deliver a cone-shapedflame against said lining; an air passage associated with said burneradapted to deliver air to the interior of said cone-shaped flame; and anoil and steam mixer adapted to deliver a uniform fuel mixture to saidburner comprising a mixing chamber, a tangential entrance thereinto, anddelivery pipes leading substantially from the center of said chamber,substantially as described.

5. In an oil fed furnace, the combination of a refractory liningprovided with air passages; a burner adapted to deliver a coneshapedflame against said lining; an air passage associated with said burneradapted to deliver air to the interior of said coneshaped flame; ashield surrounding said burner and providing an air passage on theoutside of said burner; a T connection adapted to be used as an oil andsteam mixer and adapted to deliver a uniform fuel mixture to said burnercomprising a mixing chamber, a tangential entrance thereinto, anddeleading from substantially the livery pipes substantially as decenter'of said chamber, scribed.

6. In an oil fed furnace, the combination of a ring shaped burnerprovided with a web.16 having notches 17; a ring 15 having lugs 18adapted to pass through said notches; and a support for said burner,substantially as described.

7 In an oil fed furnace the combination of a ring shaped burner providedwith a Web 16 and notches 17; a ring 15 having lugs 18 adapted to passthrough said,

notches; and a support for said burner comprisinga cone-like portion 12adapted to be secured to the shell of the furnace, substantially asdescribed.

In testimony whereof, I afiix my signature, 1n presence of twowltnesses.

ARTHUR H. LIGHT.

Witnesses:

H. MARCH, R. COTTON.

